A short derivation of linear response formulas from a Keldysh-framework.

The spin-density of conducting electrons in a magnetic medium can be obtained from the the $s$–$d$ model. Using the spin-density of these electrons we obtain equations describing the motion and relaxation of magnetic moments.

In recent years a promising opportunity appeared that can push spintronic devices to a two-dimensional limit. Eliminating one dimension has the practical benefit of reducing the size and energy consumption of spintronic devices.

In today’s society electronic devices are heavily incorporated in everyone’s daily life. The everlasting desire to make our computers run faster, necessarily leads to smaller and smaller electric components. Where in the early 70s a single computer chip could host up to a few thousands of transistors, today the number approaches tens to hundreds of billions and soon will reach a fundamental limit.